{"id":1310,"date":"2026-06-22T07:20:35","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:20:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/?p=1310"},"modified":"2026-06-22T07:20:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:20:35","slug":"peanut-harvester-gearbox-vine-lifting-shaking-drive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/peanut-harvester-gearbox-vine-lifting-shaking-drive\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u0131st\u0131k Hasat Makinesi \u015eanz\u0131man\u0131: Asma Kald\u0131rma ve Sallama Tahrik Sistemi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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F\u0131st\u0131k Hasat Makinesi \u015eanz\u0131man\u0131: Asma Kald\u0131rma ve Sallama Tahrik Sistemi<\/h1>\n

Kumlu toprak, f\u0131st\u0131k hasad\u0131n\u0131 belirler; f\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan ayn\u0131 hafif, iyi drene edilmi\u015f doku, \u015faft contalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran, yatak y\u00fczeylerini \u00e7izen ve \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm tar\u0131m topra\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kirleten a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fman haline gelir. Her f\u0131st\u0131k kabu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca 5 ila 15 N'luk bir kuvvete dayanabilen k\u0131r\u0131lgan bir \u00e7ubukla asmadan as\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r; \u00e7ok fazla sert bir sars\u0131nt\u0131 bile kabu\u011fun yerde kalmas\u0131na ve hasada kaybolmas\u0131na neden olur. Kaz\u0131c\u0131-invert\u00f6r\u00fcn sarsma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ve bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verin toplama silindirini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran PTO \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131, bu hassasiyet ve a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma paradoksunda hassas ve kontroll\u00fc bir hareket sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r: k\u00f6klerden kumlu topra\u011f\u0131 atmak i\u00e7in yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, her kabu\u011fu \u00e7ubu\u011funda koruyacak kadar nazik ve s\u0131cak, tozlu bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sezonu boyunca 50 mikrometre kum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011fa kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyecek kadar s\u0131k\u0131ca kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

F\u0131st\u0131k Hasad\u0131 \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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\u0130ki A\u015famal\u0131 Yer F\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 Hasad\u0131: Kaz\u0131c\u0131-\u00c7evirici ve Bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver<\/h2>\n

Tek seferde hasat edilen \u00e7o\u011fu tah\u0131l ve k\u00f6k bitkisinin aksine, yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasad\u0131, farkl\u0131 g\u00fcnlerde iki ayr\u0131 PTO tahrikli makine kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen iki a\u015famal\u0131 bir i\u015flemdir. 1. A\u015famada, kaz\u0131c\u0131-ters \u00e7evirici tarladan ge\u00e7er: yatay bir b\u0131\u00e7ak, bitki s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131ndan 100 ila 150 mm derinlikte keserek t\u00fcm bitkiyi (sap, k\u00f6kler ve kabuklar) topraktan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Bir sallama mekanizmas\u0131, kald\u0131r\u0131lan bitkileri titre\u015ftirerek gev\u015fek topra\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6k k\u00fctlesinden ay\u0131r\u0131r ve bir ters \u00e7evirme konvey\u00f6r\u00fc, kabuklar\u0131n tarlada kurutulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fcne\u015fe bakacak \u015fekilde her bitkiyi ters \u00e7evirir. Ters \u00e7evrilmi\u015f bitkiler s\u0131ralar halinde serilir ve kabuk nem i\u00e7eri\u011fi ila 'den (kazma s\u0131ras\u0131nda) ila 'ye (harmanlamaya uygun) d\u00fc\u015fene kadar 2 ila 5 g\u00fcn boyunca tarlada b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r. 2. A\u015famada, PTO \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/a>-\u00c7ekirdek bi\u00e7erd\u00f6veri, kurutulmu\u015f y\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131karak bitkileri toplar, yayl\u0131 parmaklara sahip bir toplama silindiri kullanarak kabuklar\u0131 asmalardan ay\u0131r\u0131r, temizleme fanlar\u0131 ve sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 elekler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kabuklar\u0131 asma kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131ndan ay\u0131r\u0131r ve temizlenmi\u015f kabuklar\u0131 arkadaki bir vagona bo\u015falt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Her a\u015fama farkl\u0131 bir \u015fanz\u0131man tasar\u0131m\u0131 gerektirir. Kaz\u0131c\u0131-ters \u00e7evirici \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131, sallama mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ters \u00e7evirme konvey\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131zlarda ve orta d\u00fczeyde torkla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; titre\u015fim direncine ve kum s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131na odaklanm\u0131\u015f kompakt ve sa\u011flam bir \u00fcnitedir. Bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131 ise toplama silindirini, temizleme fan\u0131n\u0131, sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 elekleri ve kaps\u00fcl elevat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc birden fazla h\u0131zda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir harman makinesi \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131na daha \u00e7ok benzeyen daha b\u00fcy\u00fck, \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir \u00fcnitedir. Her iki makine de standart tar\u0131m trakt\u00f6rlerinden (40 ila 80 HP) PTO tahrikli olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve her ikisi de d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilen b\u00f6lgeleri tan\u0131mlayan ayn\u0131 kumlu, tozlu ve s\u0131cak ortamda faaliyet g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n

\"PTO<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Titre\u015fim Mekanizmas\u0131 Tahrik Sistemi: Kaps\u00fcl Koruma Dengesi<\/h2>\n

Yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6kme-ters \u00e7evirme makinesindeki sallama mekanizmas\u0131, 200 ila 400 RPM (3,3 ila 6,7 \u200b\u200bHz) h\u0131z\u0131nda ve 20 ila 60 mm strok genli\u011finde h\u0131zl\u0131 bir ileri-geri veya dikey titre\u015fim \u00fcreten eksantrik bir krank tahriki (sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 toprak alt\u0131 i\u015fleme makinesine benzer) kullan\u0131r. Bu titre\u015fim, bitki konvey\u00f6rde as\u0131l\u0131yken k\u00f6k ve bakla k\u00fctlesinden kumlu topra\u011f\u0131 gev\u015fetir; toprak par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 konvey\u00f6r a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131ndan tarlaya geri d\u00fc\u015ferek ters \u00e7evirme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ta\u015f\u0131nan toprak miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r. f\u0131st\u0131k hasat makinesi \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/strong> Bu eksantrik krank milinin hareket ettirilmesi, 540 RPM'lik PTO giri\u015fini 1:1.3 ila 1:2.7 h\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme oran\u0131yla gerekli titre\u015fim h\u0131z\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcrken, eksantrik krank mekanizmas\u0131 da d\u00f6nme \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 titre\u015fim hareketini \u00fcreten ileri geri harekete d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Sallama yo\u011funlu\u011fu, t\u00fcm kaz\u0131c\u0131-ters \u00e7evirici sistemindeki en kritik ayard\u0131r; toprak kald\u0131rma verimlili\u011fi ile kabuk kayb\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki dengeyi do\u011frudan belirler. Her f\u0131st\u0131k kabu\u011fu, k\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce yaln\u0131zca 5 ila 15 N'luk \u00e7ekme kuvvetine dayanabilen bir pim (dar, sap benzeri bir ba\u011flant\u0131) ile asmaya ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Agresif sallama (y\u00fcksek frekans, b\u00fcy\u00fck genlik) daha fazla toprak kald\u0131r\u0131r ancak pimleri k\u0131rar ve kabuklar\u0131 toprakta b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu kay\u0131p, kazma s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez ve ancak hasat zaman\u0131nda tarla verimi beklentilerin alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda fark edilir. Muhafazakar sallama (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck frekans, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck genlik) kabuklar\u0131 korur ancak ters \u00e7evirme i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 toprak ta\u015f\u0131r, y\u0131\u011f\u0131na a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k ekler ve kuruma s\u00fcresini 1 ila 2 g\u00fcn uzat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

O PTO \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/a> Bu nedenle, eksantrik krank \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ayarlanabilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu, ya de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir eksantrik at\u0131\u015f plakalar\u0131 (20, 30, 40 ve 60 mm'lik ayr\u0131 strok genli\u011fi ayarlar\u0131 sa\u011flayan) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ya da operat\u00f6r\u00fcn makine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken titre\u015fim yo\u011funlu\u011funu ayarlamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131yan s\u00fcrekli de\u011fi\u015fken bir eksantrik mekanizma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sa\u011flanabilir. Eksantrik \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f konumundaki \u015fanz\u0131man yataklar\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc y\u00fcklenmesinin aksine, saf alternatif y\u00fcke (devir ba\u015f\u0131na iki kez y\u00f6n de\u011fi\u015ftirme) maruz kal\u0131r; bu da s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6nme g\u00f6revi yerine sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015f yatak se\u00e7imi ve \u00f6n y\u00fckleme ayarlar\u0131 gerektirir.<\/p>\n

\"PTO<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Toplama Silindiri ve Temizleme Tahrik Sistemini Birle\u015ftirin<\/h2>\n

Yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verinin toplama silindiri, tah\u0131l \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan harman silindirlerinden (800 ila 1500 RPM) \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha yava\u015f olan 300 ila 500 RPM'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r; bunun nedeni yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabu\u011funun k\u0131r\u0131lgan olmas\u0131 ve darbe alt\u0131nda kolayca \u00e7atlamas\u0131d\u0131r. Silindir \u00fczerindeki yayl\u0131 toplama parmaklar\u0131, kurumu\u015f asma k\u00fctlesine temas eder ve tah\u0131l harman\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme\/darbe hareketi yerine tarama hareketiyle kabuklar\u0131 saplar\u0131ndan ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bu nazik toplama hareketi, silindir h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n dar bir aral\u0131kta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir: Optimal h\u0131z\u0131n %5 \u00fczerinde bir h\u0131z, kabuklar\u0131n \u00e7atlamas\u0131na (temizlenmi\u015f kabuk \u00f6rne\u011fini kirleten ve pazarda kalitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclen par\u00e7alar \u00fcretmesine) neden olurken, optimal h\u0131z\u0131n %5 alt\u0131nda bir h\u0131z, kabuklar\u0131n asmaya yap\u0131\u015f\u0131k kalmas\u0131na ve toplama verimlili\u011finin %3 ila %8 oran\u0131nda azalmas\u0131na neden olur. f\u0131st\u0131k hasat makinesi \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/strong> Asma besleme h\u0131z\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler alt\u0131nda, toplama silindiri h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 nominal de\u011ferin \u00b1%2'si i\u00e7inde tutmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu, pamuk toplama i\u015fleminde talep edilen mil h\u0131z\u0131 homojenli\u011fine benzer bir y\u00fck stabilitesi gereksinimidir. K\u00f6k bitkisi toplama tahrik sistemi gereksinimlerinin daha geni\u015f bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fchendislik k\u0131lavuzumuza bak\u0131n. patates hasat makinesi \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/a> uygulamalar.<\/p>\n

Toplama silindirinin a\u015fa\u011f\u0131s\u0131ndaki temizleme sistemi, asma kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ve bo\u015f kabuklar\u0131 temizlenmi\u015f bakla ak\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 1.500 ila 2.500 RPM'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir santrif\u00fcj fan ve baklalar\u0131 kalan bitki materyalinden ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 100 ila 300 RPM'de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 elekler kullan\u0131r. Fan, 540 RPM'lik PTO'dan 1:2,8 ila 1:4,6 oran\u0131nda h\u0131z art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gerektirirken, elekler h\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc gerektirir; bu da bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 di\u015fli tak\u0131m\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131 gereken geni\u015f bir oran aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Bir yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7erd\u00f6verinin toplam PTO g\u00fc\u00e7 ihtiyac\u0131, hasat edilen s\u0131ra say\u0131s\u0131na ve asma yo\u011funlu\u011funa ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 40 ila 80 HP aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ters \u00c7evirme Konvey\u00f6r Tahrik Sistemi ve Yer H\u0131z\u0131 E\u015fle\u015ftirme<\/h2>\n

Ters \u00e7evirme konvey\u00f6r\u00fc, sallama mekanizmas\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131lan her bitkiyi 180 derece \u00e7evirerek, baklalar\u0131 tarlada kurutma i\u00e7in maksimum g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131na maruz kalacak \u015fekilde s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftirir. Konvey\u00f6r h\u0131z\u0131, trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn ileri hareket h\u0131z\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan e\u015fle\u015fmelidir: \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 olursa bitkiler konvey\u00f6rde birikir (d\u00fczensiz kuruyan kal\u0131n s\u0131ra b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri olu\u015fturur), \u00e7ok yava\u015f olursa bitkiler sallama mekanizmas\u0131ndan konvey\u00f6re aktar\u0131l\u0131rken gerilir (ba\u011flant\u0131 noktalar\u0131na gerilim uygulayarak baklalar\u0131n asmadan kopmas\u0131na neden olur). Optimal konvey\u00f6r-yer h\u0131z\u0131 oran\u0131 1,0 ila 1,1:1'dir; konvey\u00f6r, ileri hareket h\u0131z\u0131yla ayn\u0131 veya biraz daha h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket ederek, ters \u00e7evirme i\u015flemi boyunca nazik bir ta\u015f\u0131ma sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

Sabit oranl\u0131 \u015fanz\u0131manlarda, ters \u00e7evirme konvey\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 tipik olarak PTO'dan, istenen ileri h\u0131z aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na uyacak \u015fekilde ayarlanabilen (di\u015fli veya kasnak boyutlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek) bir zincir veya kay\u0131\u015f son tahrik sistemi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tahrik edilir. Daha geli\u015fmi\u015f kaz\u0131c\u0131-ters \u00e7eviricilerde, konvey\u00f6r, trakt\u00f6r\u00fcn zemin h\u0131z\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak konvey\u00f6r h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ileri harekete uyacak \u015fekilde otomatik olarak ayarlayan, zemin tekerle\u011fi oranl\u0131 bir mekanizma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla tahrik edilir; bu da operat\u00f6r\u00fcn tarla boyunca sabit bir ileri h\u0131z\u0131 koruma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. f\u0131st\u0131k hasat makinesi \u015fanz\u0131man\u0131<\/strong> Bu zemin h\u0131z\u0131na orant\u0131l\u0131 makinelerde, yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 kazma i\u015fleminde tipik 3 ila 6 km\/sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fru konvey\u00f6r-zemin ili\u015fkisini korumak i\u00e7in, de\u011fi\u015fken oranl\u0131 bir iletim eleman\u0131na beslenen zemin tekerle\u011fi giri\u015fi i\u00e7in mekanik bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u0131cak \u0130klim Termal Y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n

Tropikal ve subtropikal b\u00f6lgelerde (ABD'nin g\u00fcneyi (Georgia, Teksas, Alabama), Hindistan (Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh), \u00c7in (Shandong, Henan) ve Bat\u0131 Afrika (Nijerya, Senegal)) yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasad\u0131 yaz sonundan sonbahar ba\u015f\u0131na kadar ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir ve hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 28 ila 42 derece Celsius aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bu ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda 75 ila 95 derece Celsius'a ula\u015farak standart mineral \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yakla\u015f\u0131r ve ya\u011f viskozitesini, di\u015fli temas b\u00f6lgesinde yeterli film kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 koruyamayacak seviyelere d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Sentetik PAO bazl\u0131 EP \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131 ISO VG 220, bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda viskozite indeksini mineral ya\u011fa g\u00f6re daha iyi koruyarak, serin sabah ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan (20 ila 25 derece Celsius ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131) \u00f6\u011fleden sonraki en y\u00fcksek s\u0131ca\u011fa (38 ila 42 derece) kadar tutarl\u0131 \u015fanz\u0131man ve yatak korumas\u0131 sa\u011flar. \u015eanz\u0131man g\u00f6vdesi, konvektif \u0131s\u0131 at\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran d\u0131\u015f kanat\u00e7\u0131klar veya nerv\u00fcrlerle tasarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r; d\u00fcz bir g\u00f6vdeye k\u0131yasla kanat\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131 y\u00fczey alan\u0131nda ila 'l\u0131k bir art\u0131\u015f, durgun hava ko\u015fullar\u0131nda denge ya\u011f s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 8 ila 12 derece Celsius d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir ve hasat g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn en s\u0131cak saatlerinde ya\u011f\u0131 termal bozulma e\u015fi\u011finin alt\u0131nda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde tutabilir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Kumla Kapl\u0131 Muhafaza: A\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 Topraklar \u0130\u00e7in M\u00fchendislik<\/h2>\n

Yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeti\u015ftirilen topraklar karakteristik olarak kumlu olup, a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a ila oran\u0131nda kum i\u00e7erir. Bu durum, hasat s\u0131ras\u0131nda havada u\u00e7u\u015fan toz ortam\u0131n\u0131n, tah\u0131l veya k\u00f6k bitkisi hasad\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan kil veya t\u0131nl\u0131 toprak tozundan \u00e7ok daha a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131na neden olur. Kum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 (\u00e7o\u011funlukla silika, SiO\u2082, Mohs \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde 7 sertlik) 50 ila 500 mikrometre \u00e7ap\u0131ndad\u0131r ve 200 ila 400 saatlik maruz kalma s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik \u015faft y\u00fczeylerini ve standart NBR \u015faft conta dudaklar\u0131n\u0131 delecek kadar serttir. tar\u0131msal \u015fanz\u0131man<\/a> Genel ama\u00e7l\u0131 toz tutmama i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f conta, kumlu topraklarda tek bir yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasat sezonu i\u00e7inde ar\u0131zalan\u0131r; a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar conta duda\u011f\u0131nda bir oluk olu\u015fturarak, \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131na giderek daha fazla kum girmesine neden olur ve bu par\u00e7ac\u0131klar, di\u015fli ve yatak y\u00fczeylerini i\u00e7eriden a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran bir a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 madde g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

F\u0131st\u0131k hasat makinelerinin di\u015fli kutular\u0131 i\u00e7in kum ge\u00e7irmez s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k, \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m gerektirir: birincil d\u0131\u015flama bariyeri (kumun s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k y\u00fczeyine ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce \u015fafttan uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan labirent \u00f6n s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k veya V halkal\u0131 f\u0131rlat\u0131c\u0131), ikincil s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k bariyeri (gres bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 ara b\u00f6lmeli \u00e7ift dudakl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k) ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl filtreleme bariyeri (ilk iki bariyeri ge\u00e7en par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 di\u015fli a\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce yakalayan manyetik tahliye tapas\u0131 ve harici ya\u011f filtresi). Birincil s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki \u015faft y\u00fczeyinin Ra 0,2 ila 0,4 mikrometreye kadar ta\u015flanmas\u0131 gerekir (genel tar\u0131m di\u015fli kutular\u0131 i\u00e7in standart olan Ra 0,4 ila 0,8'den daha ince) \u2014 daha p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir \u015faft y\u00fczeyi, ince kum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k duda\u011f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ebilece\u011fi mikro kanallar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Tar\u0131m<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Kumlu Ko\u015fullarda Hasat Sezonu Bak\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n

F\u0131st\u0131k hasad\u0131 di\u015fli kutular\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u011f de\u011fi\u015fim aral\u0131klar\u0131, kum kirlenme oran\u0131 nedeniyle tar\u0131msal uygulamalardaki en k\u0131sa aral\u0131klardan biri olan 100 ila 150 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati aras\u0131nda olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olsa bile, eser miktarda ince kum contalardan ge\u00e7erek ya\u011f karterinde birikir. Manyetik tahliye tapas\u0131, demir i\u00e7eren a\u015f\u0131nma par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (di\u015fli veya yatak ar\u0131zas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir) yakalar, ancak birincil kirletici olan manyetik olmayan silika kumunu yakalamaz; biriken kumu sistemden yaln\u0131zca ya\u011f de\u011fi\u015fimi ve y\u0131kama ile uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir. Ya\u011f de\u011fi\u015fimi zaman\u0131 geldi\u011finde, her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda ya\u011f\u0131 \u0131l\u0131k olarak bo\u015falt\u0131n; \u0131l\u0131k ya\u011f, so\u011fuk ya\u011fa g\u00f6re ak\u0131\u015fta daha fazla kum par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tutar ve bu da kumun i\u00e7 y\u00fczeylere yerle\u015fmesine olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

PTO \u015faft\u0131<\/a> F\u0131st\u0131k hasad\u0131 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bak\u0131m \u00f6zellikle zordur. Tahrik hatt\u0131ndaki \u00fcniversal mafsal yataklar\u0131, \u015fanz\u0131man contalar\u0131yla ayn\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kum ortam\u0131na maruz kal\u0131r ve i\u011fneli yataklara kum girmesinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve \u015fiddetlidir: kum par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131 yatak kafesine g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fcr, i\u011fne y\u00fczeylerini \u00e7izer ve 6 ila 8 saatte bir taze gresle temizlenmedi\u011fi takdirde 100 ila 200 saat i\u00e7inde d\u00fczensiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya neden olur. (D\u0131\u015f borunun, tahrik hatt\u0131 uzunlu\u011fu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in i\u00e7 boru \u00fczerinde kayd\u0131\u011f\u0131) kamal\u0131 boru ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 da ayn\u0131 aral\u0131klarla ya\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r; kamal\u0131 y\u00fczeyler aras\u0131ndaki kum, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmaya ve d\u00fczensiz tork iletimine neden olarak t\u00fcm tahrik sisteminde titre\u015fimi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Sarma\u015f\u0131klar\u0131n birbirine dolanmas\u0131, ikincil ancak s\u00fcrekli bir bak\u0131m sorunudur. F\u0131st\u0131k sarma\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 ince (3 ila 8 mm \u00e7ap\u0131nda), esnektir ve a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan d\u00f6nen \u015faftlar\u0131n etraf\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131ca sar\u0131l\u0131r. M\u0131s\u0131r saplar\u0131n\u0131n aksine (konik koruyucular taraf\u0131ndan sapt\u0131r\u0131labilecek kadar serttirler), f\u0131st\u0131k sarma\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 basit sapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in \u00e7ok esnektir; \u015faft y\u00fczeyine uyum sa\u011flarlar ve s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme \u0131s\u0131s\u0131 \u00fcreten ve hem \u015faft\u0131 hem de biti\u015fik contay\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran \u00e7ok say\u0131da s\u0131k\u0131 sarma\u015f\u0131k halinde birikirler. Kum giri\u015fine ve di\u015fli kutusu kirlenmesine yol a\u00e7an ilerleyici conta hasar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, a\u00e7\u0131kta kalan t\u00fcm \u015faftlardan, sapt\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lardan ve conta y\u00fczeylerinden sarma\u015f\u0131k birikiminin g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak temizlenmesi \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"PTO<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
\n
\nF\u0131st\u0131k s\u00f6kme makinesi-invert\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi di\u015fli oran\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Titre\u015fim mekanizmas\u0131 tipik olarak 200 ila 400 RPM aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve 540 RPM'lik bir PTO'dan 1:1,3 ila 1:2,7 oran\u0131nda h\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme gerektirir. Ters \u00e7evirme konvey\u00f6r\u00fc, ileri hareket h\u0131z\u0131na uygun ayr\u0131 bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f gerektirir. Her iki \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f da dik a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 konik giri\u015fli ve k\u00fcme di\u015fli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ml\u0131 tek bir kompakt \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 di\u015fli kutusundan tahrik edilir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nSars\u0131nt\u0131n\u0131n \u015fiddeti neden bu kadar kritik?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Her f\u0131st\u0131k kabu\u011fu, yaln\u0131zca 5 ila 15 N'luk bir kuvvete dayanabilen bir \u00e7ubukla asmadan as\u0131l\u0131 durur. Agresif sallama daha fazla topra\u011f\u0131 uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ancak \u00e7ubuklar\u0131 k\u0131rar ve kabuklar\u0131 yerde b\u0131rak\u0131r; bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez kay\u0131plar yaln\u0131zca hasat zaman\u0131nda tarla veriminde azalma olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Daha kontroll\u00fc sallama kabuklar\u0131 korur ancak fazla topra\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r ve y\u0131\u011f\u0131n kuruma s\u00fcresini 1 ila 2 g\u00fcn uzat\u0131r. \u015eanz\u0131man eksantrik krank genli\u011fi ve h\u0131z\u0131, her toprak tipi ve nem ko\u015fulu i\u00e7in bu dengeyi optimize etmek \u00fczere hassas bir \u015fekilde kalibre edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nKumlu toprak neden \u015fanz\u0131manlara bu kadar \u00e7abuk zarar verir?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Kum tanecikleri a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak silikadan (SiO\u2082, Mohs sertli\u011fi 7) olu\u015fur \u2013 sertle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7elikten daha serttir \u2013 ve \u00e7aplar\u0131 50 ila 500 mikrometre aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Standart \u015faft contalar\u0131n\u0131 200 ila 400 saat i\u00e7inde a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rarak, ya\u011fa giderek daha fazla kum girmesine izin veren oluklar a\u00e7arlar. \u015eanz\u0131man\u0131n i\u00e7inde kum, di\u015fli y\u00fczeylerini ve yatak yuvalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriden tahrip eden bir a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rma bile\u015fi\u011fi g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr. \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k (labirent + \u00e7ift dudak + gres haznesi) minimum \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nYer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasad\u0131 ne kadar PTO g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyar?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

\u0130ki s\u0131ral\u0131 bir ekskavat\u00f6r-ters \u00e7evirici 20 ila 40 PTO beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcne, d\u00f6rt s\u0131ral\u0131 bir \u00fcnite 35 ila 60 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcne ve alt\u0131 s\u0131ral\u0131 bir model 50 ila 80 beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7erd\u00f6veri, s\u0131ra say\u0131s\u0131na, asma yo\u011funlu\u011funa ve hasat s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki bakla nemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 40 ila 80 PTO beygir g\u00fcc\u00fcne ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Trakt\u00f6r, asma dalgalanmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f toprak b\u00f6lgelerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in hesaplanan s\u00fcrekli talebin en az \u00fczerinde bir g\u00fcvenlik pay\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nKumlu arazide motor ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ne s\u0131kl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015ftirmeliyim?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Her 100 ila 150 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatinde bir \u2013 tar\u0131mda en k\u0131sa aral\u0131klardan biri. \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k olsa bile, eser miktarda ince kum contalardan ge\u00e7erek ya\u011fda birikir. S\u0131cak ya\u011f\u0131 bo\u015falt\u0131n (so\u011fuk ya\u011fa g\u00f6re muhafazadan daha fazla ask\u0131da kum \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r) ve yerine taze sentetik PAO EP di\u015fli ya\u011f\u0131 ISO VG 220 koyun. Her ya\u011f de\u011fi\u015fiminde manyetik tahliye tapas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin \u2013 demir par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131, daha fazla inceleme gerektirebilecek i\u00e7 di\u015fli veya yatak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nF\u0131st\u0131k hasat makinesi \u015fanz\u0131manlar\u0131 tedarik ediyor musunuz?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Evet \u2014 ayarlanabilir eksantrik titre\u015fim mekanizmal\u0131 ve kum dereceli \u00e7ok bariyerli s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131\u011fa sahip kaz\u0131c\u0131-invert\u00f6r di\u015fli kutular\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca toplama silindiri, temizleme fan\u0131 ve elek tahrik uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver di\u015fli kutular\u0131 \u00fcretiyoruz. T\u00fcm f\u0131st\u0131k spesifikasyonlu di\u015fli kutular\u0131nda labirent \u00f6n contalar, gres hazneli \u00e7ift dudakl\u0131 birincil contalar, ta\u015flanm\u0131\u015f \u015faft y\u00fczeyleri (Ra 0,2 ila 0,4) ve manyetik tahliye tapalar\u0131 bulunur. 20 ila 100 HP s\u00fcrekli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in mevcuttur. Uygun bir spesifikasyon i\u00e7in bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver modelinizle m\u00fchendislik ekibimizle ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

Kesintisiz F\u0131st\u0131k Hasad\u0131<\/h2>\n

Kaz\u0131c\u0131 invert\u00f6r titre\u015fim tahrik sistemlerinden, bi\u00e7erd\u00f6ver toplama silindir di\u015fli kutular\u0131na kadar, kum ge\u00e7irmez, kabuklara nazik davranan ekipmanlar\u0131m\u0131z, yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 hasad\u0131n\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi hassasiyet ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunar. \u00c7ok katmanl\u0131 s\u0131zd\u0131rmazl\u0131k, ayarlanabilir eksantrik mekanizmalar ve manyetik filtreleme, her yer f\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131 spesifikasyonlu \u00fcnitede standart olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n

M\u00fchendislerimizle \u0130leti\u015fime Ge\u00e7in<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Edit\u00f6r: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

F\u0131st\u0131k Hasat Makinesi \u015eanz\u0131man\u0131: Asma Kald\u0131rma ve Sallama Tahrik Sistemi Kumlu toprak, f\u0131st\u0131k hasad\u0131n\u0131 belirler; f\u0131st\u0131klar\u0131n geli\u015fmesini sa\u011flayan ayn\u0131 hafif, iyi drene edilmi\u015f doku, \u015faft contalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ran, yatak y\u00fczeylerini \u00e7izen ve \u015fanz\u0131man ya\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer t\u00fcm tar\u0131m topra\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kirleten a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir d\u00fc\u015fman haline gelir. Her f\u0131st\u0131k kabu\u011fu asmadan \u015fu \u015fekilde sarkar: [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4042],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agricultural-gearbox"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1310","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1310"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1310\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1311,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1310\/revisions\/1311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1310"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1310"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1310"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}