{"id":1303,"date":"2026-06-22T07:09:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T07:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/?p=1303"},"modified":"2026-06-22T09:06:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T09:06:13","slug":"spading-machine-gearbox-low-speed-soil-inversion-drive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/spading-machine-gearbox-low-speed-soil-inversion-drive\/","title":{"rendered":"Prevodovka r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja: Pomaloot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00fd inverzn\u00fd pohon p\u00f4dy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/div>\n
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Prevodovka r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja: Pomaloot\u00e1\u010dkov\u00fd inverzn\u00fd pohon p\u00f4dy<\/h1>\n

\u00a0Prevodovka v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 premie\u0148a vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fd rota\u010dn\u00fd vstup v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea na pomal\u00fd, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd vratn\u00fd pohyb k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ktor\u00fd poh\u00e1\u0148a 8 a\u017e 32 jednotliv\u00fdch r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fdch no\u017eov, mus\u00ed poskytova\u0165 extr\u00e9mny kr\u00fatiaci moment pri 100 a\u017e 250 ot.\/min \u2013 \u010do patr\u00ed medzi najni\u017e\u0161ie v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky a najvy\u0161\u0161ie trval\u00e9 kr\u00fatiace momenty spomedzi v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdch v\u00fdvodov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom.<\/p>\n

Inov\u00e1cie v obr\u00e1ban\u00ed p\u00f4dy<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/p>\n

Ako funguje r\u00fd\u013eovac\u00ed stroj: Inverzia p\u00f4dy poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00e1 k\u013eukov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom<\/h2>\n

Piestov\u00fd ryc\u00ed stroj pou\u017e\u00edva sady ploch\u00fdch r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fdch radl\u00edc namontovan\u00fdch na k\u013eukovom hriadeli \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 radlica vstupuje do p\u00f4dy vertik\u00e1lne do h\u013abky 200 a\u017e 400 mm, zdvihne samostatn\u00fa hrudu s hmotnos\u0165ou 5 a\u017e 15 kg, oto\u010d\u00ed ju o 180 stup\u0148ov pri ot\u00e1\u010dan\u00ed k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a ulo\u017e\u00ed prevr\u00e1ten\u00fa hrudu sp\u00e4\u0165 do oracej dr\u00e1\u017eky. Radlice s\u00fa usporiadan\u00e9 v striedav\u00fdch radoch po celej pracovnej \u0161\u00edrke (zvy\u010dajne 2 a\u017e 4 rady po 4 a\u017e 8 r\u00fd\u013eoch, spolu 8 a\u017e 32 jednotliv\u00fdch r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fdch radl\u00edc), pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd rad je na\u010dasovan\u00fd tak, aby vstupoval do p\u00f4dy v inej f\u00e1ze ot\u00e1\u010dania k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa rozlo\u017e\u00ed kombinovan\u00e1 zdv\u00edhacia hmotnos\u0165 naprie\u010d ot\u00e1\u010dan\u00edm k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a zn\u00ed\u017ei sa kol\u00edsanie maxim\u00e1lneho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu, ktor\u00e9... Prevodovka v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea<\/a> mus\u00ed absorbova\u0165.<\/p>\n

K\u013eukov\u00fd hriade\u013e pracuje pri ot\u00e1\u010dkach 100 a\u017e 250 ot.\/min \u2013 \u010do je ove\u013ea pomal\u0161ie ako rotor rotora kultiv\u00e1tora (200 a\u017e 280 ot.\/min) a r\u00e1dovo pomal\u0161ie ako v\u00fdstup prevodovky zvy\u0161uj\u00facej ot\u00e1\u010dky. Z v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s 540 ot.\/min. to vy\u017eaduje zn\u00ed\u017eenie ot\u00e1\u010dok v pomere 1:2,2 a\u017e 1:5,4 \u2013 \u010d\u00edm sa umiestni... prevodovka r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja<\/strong> pevne v kateg\u00f3rii reduktorov s vysok\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom popri prevodovk\u00e1ch hlboko kypri\u010dov a prevodovk\u00e1ch mie\u0161a\u010dov TMR. Kombinovan\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 zdv\u00edhacia sila na typickej pracovnej \u0161\u00edrke 2 metre sa pohybuje od 5 000 do 20 000 N v z\u00e1vislosti od typu p\u00f4dy, vlhkosti p\u00f4dy a pracovnej h\u013abky \u2013 \u010do je trval\u00e1 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 mechanick\u00e1 po\u017eiadavka, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 prevody, nadrozmern\u00e9 priemery hriade\u013eov a robustn\u00e9 lo\u017eiskov\u00e9 usporiadania optimalizovan\u00e9 pre nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 cyklick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie pri n\u00edzkych ot\u00e1\u010dkach.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd rozdiel medzi ry\u017eov\u00fdm kultiv\u00e1torom a rota\u010dn\u00fdm kultiv\u00e1torom spo\u010d\u00edva v sp\u00f4sobe, ak\u00fdm sa p\u00f4da pohybuje. Rota\u010dn\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor pou\u017e\u00edva dopredu rotuj\u00face no\u017ee, ktor\u00e9 re\u017eu, drvia a odhazuj\u00fa p\u00f4du \u2013 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa jemn\u00e9, kypr\u00e9 semenn\u00e9 l\u00f4\u017eko, ale ni\u010dia p\u00f4dne agreg\u00e1ty, biologick\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly a \u0161trukt\u00faru makropor\u00e9z, od ktor\u00fdch je zdrav\u00e1 p\u00f4da z\u00e1visl\u00e1 pre infiltr\u00e1ciu vody a prenikanie kore\u0148ov. Ry\u017eov\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor zdvihne a obr\u00e1ti ka\u017ed\u00fa hrudu neporu\u0161en\u00fa, pri\u010dom zachov\u00e1 vn\u00fatorn\u00fa \u0161trukt\u00faru agreg\u00e1tov a z\u00e1rove\u0148 dosiahne \u00fapln\u00fa inverziu vrstvy orby. Toto starostliv\u00e9 zachovanie prirodzenej \u0161trukt\u00fary p\u00f4dy je hlavn\u00fdm d\u00f4vodom, pre\u010do s\u00fa ry\u017eov\u00e9 kultiv\u00e1tory preferovan\u00fdm prim\u00e1rnym n\u00e1strojom na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy pre certifikovan\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo, regenerat\u00edvne po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo a vysokohodnotn\u00e9 z\u00e1hradn\u00edcke oper\u00e1cie, kde je prioritou mana\u017ementu zdravie p\u00f4dy. Porovnanie s konven\u010dnou technol\u00f3giou prevodoviek na rota\u010dn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy n\u00e1jdete v na\u0161om podrobnom sprievodcovi. prevodovka rota\u010dn\u00e9ho kultiv\u00e1tora<\/a> aplik\u00e1cie a dizajn.<\/p>\n

\"Prevodovka<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Kon\u0161trukcia reduk\u010dnej prevodovky pre pohon k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea<\/h2>\n

Architekt\u00fara prevodovky pre r\u00fd\u013eovac\u00ed stroj kombinuje pravouhl\u00fd vstupn\u00fd stupe\u0148 s ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fdm prevodom (ktor\u00fd premie\u0148a horizont\u00e1lnu rot\u00e1ciu v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea na orient\u00e1ciu k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea) s v\u00fdstupn\u00fdm stup\u0148om s rovnobe\u017en\u00fdm hriade\u013eom s \u010delnou alebo \u0161pir\u00e1lovou redukciou, ktor\u00fd dosahuje po\u017eadovan\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie ot\u00e1\u010dok. Pre prevodov\u00e9 pomery 1:2,2 a\u017e 1:3,5 m\u00f4\u017ee posta\u010dova\u0165 jednostup\u0148ov\u00fd ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fd prevod \u2013 ale pre hlb\u0161ie pracuj\u00face stroje s pomal\u0161\u00edmi ot\u00e1\u010dkami, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa redukciu 1:4 a\u017e 1:5,4, dvojstup\u0148ov\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia (ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00fd vstup v pomere 1:1,5 a\u017e 1:2, po ktorom nasleduje \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e1 redukcia v pomere 1:2 a\u017e 1:2,7), ktor\u00e1 rozde\u013euje celkov\u00fd prevod medzi dva z\u00e1bery ozuben\u00fdch kolies a udr\u017eiava ka\u017ed\u00fd stupe\u0148 v jeho efekt\u00edvnom prev\u00e1dzkovom rozsahu. V\u00fdrobcovia ako Prevodovka v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea Ever-Power<\/a> pon\u00fakaj\u00fa obe konfigur\u00e1cie, prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 \u0161pecifick\u00fdm po\u017eiadavk\u00e1m na ot\u00e1\u010dky k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a kr\u00fatiaci moment ka\u017ed\u00e9ho modelu r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja.<\/p>\n

Modul v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho prevodu pre prevodovka r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja<\/strong> je typicky 5 a\u017e 8 mm \u2013 rovnak\u00fd rozsah pre \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 prev\u00e1dzky, ak\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v prevodovk\u00e1ch hlbok\u00fdch kypri\u010dov, \u010do odr\u00e1\u017ea porovnate\u013en\u00e9 \u00farovne kr\u00fatiaceho momentu pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9ho pri podobne n\u00edzkych v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch ot\u00e1\u010dkach. Priemer v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea v mieste pripojenia k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea je 70 a\u017e 120 mm, \u010do je dimenzovan\u00e9 tak, aby zvl\u00e1dlo kombinovan\u00e9 torzn\u00e9 \u0161mykov\u00e9 a ohybov\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, ktor\u00e9 vyv\u00edja viacn\u00e1sobn\u00fd k\u013eukov\u00fd hriade\u013e. Ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 vo v\u00fdstupnej polohe poskytuj\u00fa kombinovan\u00fa radi\u00e1lnu a axi\u00e1lnu \u00fanosnos\u0165 potrebn\u00fa pre cyklick\u00fd vzorec za\u0165a\u017eenia \u2013 ka\u017ed\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010dka k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea vytv\u00e1ra striedav\u00fd smer axi\u00e1lneho za\u0165a\u017eenia, ke\u010f r\u00fd\u013eov\u00e9 no\u017ee vstupuj\u00fa a vystupuj\u00fa z p\u00f4dy, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 axi\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie, ktor\u00e9 gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s hlbokou dr\u00e1\u017ekou nedok\u00e1\u017eu efekt\u00edvne zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 pri dan\u00fdch \u00farovniach kr\u00fatiaceho momentu.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd k\u013eukov\u00fd hriade\u013e nie je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou prevodovky (je to samostatn\u00fd kovan\u00fd alebo odliaty komponent, ktor\u00fd sa prip\u00e1ja k v\u00fdstupnej pr\u00edrube prevodovky), ale rozhranie medzi v\u00fdstupom prevodovky a k\u013eukov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom je kritick\u00fdm kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdm prvkom. Spojenie mus\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pln\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment bez relat\u00edvneho pohybu (\u017eiadna kor\u00f3zia sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 tren\u00edm na spojovac\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch) a z\u00e1rove\u0148 umo\u017e\u0148ova\u0165 praktick\u00e9 odpojenie v ter\u00e9ne pri v\u00fdmene k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea alebo servise r\u00fd\u013eov\u00e9ho no\u017ea. Dr\u00e1\u017ekovan\u00e9 spojky s n\u00e1bojmi s presakom (hydraulicky roztiahnute\u013en\u00e9 pre mont\u00e1\u017e a demont\u00e1\u017e) poskytuj\u00fa najrobustnej\u0161ie spojenie, zatia\u013e \u010do perov\u00e9 pr\u00edruby pon\u00fakaj\u00fa jednoduch\u0161\u00ed servis v ter\u00e9ne za cenu ni\u017e\u0161ej kr\u00fatiacej sily a potenci\u00e1lneho miesta trenia v kontakte medzi perom a dr\u00e1\u017ekou.<\/p>\n

\"Prevodovka<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Po\u017eadovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon na meter: Pre\u010do r\u00fd\u013eovanie vy\u017eaduje \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 traktory<\/h2>\n

Rycie stroje spotrebuj\u00fa 30 a\u017e 60 kon\u00ed na meter pracovnej \u0161\u00edrky \u2013 \u010do je najvy\u0161\u0161ia spotreba energie zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch prim\u00e1rnych n\u00e1strojov na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy a podstatne viac ako rota\u010dn\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor (15 a\u017e 30 kon\u00ed\/m), rota\u010dn\u00e9 br\u00e1ny (12 a\u017e 25 kon\u00ed\/m) alebo odhrnova\u010dka (10 a\u017e 20 kon\u00ed\/m pri ekvivalentnej h\u013abke). Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spotreba energie priamo odr\u00e1\u017ea z\u00e1kladn\u00fa mechaniku zdv\u00edhania, a nie rezania: ka\u017ed\u00e1 radlica r\u00fd\u013ea mus\u00ed prekona\u0165 hmotnos\u0165 hrudy p\u00f4dy plus adh\u00e9zne a trecie sily, ktor\u00e9 odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa vertik\u00e1lnemu vyberaniu z p\u00f4dneho profilu. Dvojmetrov\u00fd ryc\u00ed stroj preto vy\u017eaduje 60 a\u017e 120 kon\u00ed z v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea \u2013 \u010do si vy\u017eaduje stredn\u00fd a\u017e ve\u013ek\u00fd traktor (s motorom s v\u00fdkonom 100 a\u017e 180 kon\u00ed) na zabezpe\u010denie dostato\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s rezervou pre \u0161pi\u010dky kr\u00fatiaceho momentu, ku ktor\u00fdm doch\u00e1dza, ke\u010f r\u00fdle narazia na zhutnen\u00e9 vrstvy p\u00f4dy, kore\u0148ov\u00fa masu alebo kamene v pracovnej h\u013abke.<\/p>\n

Dosiahnute\u013en\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 r\u00fd\u013ea je inherentne obmedzen\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010dkami k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea a po\u010dtom r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fdch no\u017eov. Pri ot\u00e1\u010dkach k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea 150 ot.\/min. s 8 no\u017emi v rade stroj spracuje 8 \u00d7 150 = 1 200 \u0165ahov r\u00fd\u013ea za min\u00fatu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0165ah spracuje pl\u00e1tok p\u00f4dy \u0161irok\u00fd pribli\u017ene 100 a\u017e 150 mm (\u0161\u00edrka no\u017ea), tak\u017ee stroj sa pos\u00fava vpred r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 1 200 \u00d7 0,1 = 120 metrov za min\u00fatu pri minim\u00e1lnom rozstupe no\u017eov \u2013 pribli\u017ene 7,2 km\/h, \u010do je v\u00fdrazne nad praktickou maxim\u00e1lnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou r\u00fd\u013ea 2 a\u017e 3 km\/h, ktor\u00fa si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa \u00favahy o kvalite p\u00f4dy. V praxi nie je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 r\u00fd\u013ea obmedzen\u00e1 kapacitou k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ale po\u017eiadavkou na prekr\u00fdvaj\u00face sa \u0165ahy r\u00fd\u013ea, ktor\u00e9 nezanech\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiadne neoboran\u00e9 p\u00e1sy medzi susedn\u00fdmi polohami no\u017eov \u2013 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 r\u00fd\u013ea 1,5 a\u017e 3 km\/h pri ot\u00e1\u010dkach k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea 100 a\u017e 200 ot.\/min. dosahuje toto s\u00favisl\u00e9 pokrytie v celej pracovnej \u0161\u00edrke.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Zapracovanie organickej hmoty a mana\u017ement kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn<\/h2>\n

V\u010faka jedine\u010dnej schopnosti ry\u017eov\u00e9ho kultiv\u00e1tora zahrab\u00e1va\u0165 povrchov\u00fd materi\u00e1l do plnej pracovnej h\u013abky bez jeho sekania je preferovan\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom na zapracovanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn, zelen\u00e9ho hnojenia, zvy\u0161kov plod\u00edn a aplikovan\u00e9ho kompostu do p\u00f4dneho profilu. Rota\u010dn\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor sek\u00e1 a mie\u0161a povrchov\u00fd materi\u00e1l v celej plytkej vrstve ornice (150 a\u017e 200 mm), kde sa v aer\u00f3bnej povrchovej z\u00f3ne r\u00fdchlo rozklad\u00e1 a len m\u00e1lo prispieva k trvalej organickej hmote v p\u00f4de. Ry\u017eov\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor zahrab\u00e1va rovnak\u00fd materi\u00e1l do h\u013abky 200 a\u017e 400 mm \u2013 pod z\u00f3nou r\u00fdchleho aer\u00f3bneho rozkladu \u2013 kde sa pomaly rozklad\u00e1 za anaer\u00f3bnych podmienok, \u010do prispieva k stabilnej tvorbe humusu a dlhodob\u00e9mu ukladaniu uhl\u00edka v p\u00f4de.<\/p>\n

Ten\/T\u00e1\/To po\u013enohospod\u00e1rska prevodovka<\/a> Pri jazde r\u00fd\u013eov\u00e9ho stroja po\u010das zapracovania kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn do p\u00f4dy je kr\u00fatiaci moment vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ako pri r\u00fd\u013eovan\u00ed na \u010distom poli, preto\u017ee povrchov\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia kladie odpor vstupu r\u00fd\u013ea \u2013 dlhostonkov\u00e9 krycie plodiny (ra\u017e, vika, \u010fatelina karm\u00ednov\u00e1 vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 0,5 a\u017e 1,5 metra) sa ov\u00edjaj\u00fa okolo no\u017eov r\u00fd\u013ea a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa zdv\u00edhaciu silu o 20 a\u017e 40 percent v porovnan\u00ed s prev\u00e1dzkou na holej p\u00f4de. Prevodovka mus\u00ed by\u0165 dimenzovan\u00e1 na tento stav kr\u00fatiaceho momentu za\u0165a\u017een\u00e9ho veget\u00e1ciou, nielen na hodnotu kr\u00fatiaceho momentu v \u010distej p\u00f4de \u2013 a klzn\u00e1 spojka na pohone v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea mus\u00ed by\u0165 kalibrovan\u00e1 dostato\u010dne vysoko, aby stroj mohol spracova\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 zvy\u0161ky kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn bez falo\u0161n\u00e9ho spustenia a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa uvo\u013eni\u0165 sk\u00f4r, ako skuto\u010dn\u00e1 prek\u00e1\u017eka (ve\u013ek\u00fd kame\u0148, zakopan\u00fd kov) po\u0161kod\u00ed k\u013eukov\u00fd hriade\u013e alebo prevodovku.<\/p>\n

\"Prevodovka<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

Manipul\u00e1cia s kame\u0148mi a ochrana pred pre\u0165a\u017een\u00edm<\/h2>\n

Ry\u017eov\u00e9 stroje manipuluj\u00fa s kame\u0148mi a zakopan\u00fdmi prek\u00e1\u017ekami \u0161etrnej\u0161ie ako rota\u010dn\u00e9 kultiv\u00e1tory, preto\u017ee radlica r\u00fd\u013ea kame\u0148 zdv\u00edha, namiesto toho, aby do\u0148ho nar\u00e1\u017eala vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fdm n\u00e1razom. Rota\u010dn\u00e1 radlica kultiv\u00e1tora pohybuj\u00faca sa r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou hrotu 5 a\u017e 7 m\/s nar\u00e1\u017ea na kame\u0148 s kinetickou energiou \u00famernou druhej mocnine r\u00fdchlosti \u2013 \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje prudk\u00e9 n\u00e1razy, ktor\u00e9 kame\u0148 praskaj\u00fa, po\u0161kodzuj\u00fa radlicu a pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa r\u00e1zov\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie cez prevodovku. Radlica ry\u017eov\u00e9ho stroja vstupuj\u00faca do p\u00f4dy vertik\u00e1lnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou iba 1 a\u017e 3 m\/s sa dot\u00fdka kame\u0148a s ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161ou energiou a mechanizmus k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea ho jednoducho zdvihne spolu s okolitou hrudou p\u00f4dy, namiesto toho, aby sa ho pok\u00fa\u0161al rozbi\u0165. T\u00e1to inherentne \u0161etrnej\u0161ia manipul\u00e1cia s kame\u0148mi vedie k men\u0161iemu opotrebovaniu radlice, men\u0161iemu r\u00e1zov\u00e9mu za\u0165a\u017eeniu prevodovky a men\u0161ej fragment\u00e1cii kame\u0148ov (v\u00fdhoda, ke\u010f je cie\u013eom odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 cel\u00e9 kamene z po\u013ea, a nie ich rozbi\u0165 na men\u0161ie k\u00fasky, ktor\u00e9 zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa v obr\u00e1banej vrstve).<\/p>\n

Nepohybliv\u00e9 prek\u00e1\u017eky (v\u00fdchozy skaln\u00e9ho podlo\u017eia, zakopan\u00fd bet\u00f3n, ve\u013ek\u00e9 korene stromov) v\u0161ak st\u00e1le vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa podmienky pre\u0165a\u017eenia, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa ochranu. Prim\u00e1rna ochrana je V\u00fdvodov\u00fd hriade\u013e<\/a> klzn\u00e1 spojka kalibrovan\u00e1 na uvo\u013enenie pri 1,5 a\u017e 2,0-n\u00e1sobku menovit\u00e9ho trval\u00e9ho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu \u2013 chr\u00e1ni prevodovku pred zastaven\u00edm k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ku ktor\u00e9mu by do\u0161lo, ak by r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fd radlicov\u00fd stroj narazil na prek\u00e1\u017eku, ktor\u00fa by nedok\u00e1zal zdvihn\u00fa\u0165. Jednotliv\u00e9 r\u00fd\u013eov\u00e9 radlice na pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch r\u00fd\u013eovac\u00edch strojoch s\u00fa tie\u017e namontovan\u00e9 na pru\u017einov\u00fdch odlamovac\u00edch zostav\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa, aby sa ka\u017ed\u00fd radlicov\u00fd stroj pri stretnut\u00ed s nepohyblivou prek\u00e1\u017ekou vych\u00fdlil dozadu a potom sa po prejden\u00ed prek\u00e1\u017eky vr\u00e1til do svojej pracovnej polohy \u2013 chr\u00e1ni radlicov\u00fd ...<\/p>\n

\u0160pecifik\u00e1cia materi\u00e1lu skrine prevodovky pre r\u00fd\u013eovacie stroje sa riadi rovnakou logikou ako pre hlboko kypriace stroje: tv\u00e1rna liatina (trieda EN-GJS-400-15 alebo vy\u0161\u0161ia) poskytuje r\u00e1zov\u00fa h\u00fa\u017eevnatos\u0165 potrebn\u00fa na pre\u017eitie zvy\u0161kov\u00e9ho r\u00e1zov\u00e9ho za\u0165a\u017eenia, ktor\u00e9 prech\u00e1dza cez klzn\u00fa spojku a mechanizmy odtrh\u00e1vania. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 skrine zo sivej liatiny nie s\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 pre cyklick\u00e9 r\u00e1zov\u00e9 prostredie strojov obr\u00e1baj\u00facich p\u00f4du pracuj\u00facich v h\u013abke 200 a\u017e 400 mm \u2013 kombin\u00e1cia trvalo vysok\u00e9ho kr\u00fatiaceho momentu a preru\u0161ovan\u00e9ho r\u00e1zov\u00e9ho pre\u0165a\u017eenia sp\u00f4sobuje \u00fanavov\u00e9 praskanie v skriniach zo sivej liatiny v priebehu 3 a\u017e 5 sez\u00f3n, zatia\u013e \u010do skrine z tv\u00e1rnej liatiny odol\u00e1vaj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9mu za\u0165a\u017eeniu 10 a\u017e 15+ sez\u00f3n. Hmotnostn\u00fd postih tv\u00e1rnej liatiny v porovnan\u00ed so sivou liatinou je mierny (pribli\u017ene o 10 percent \u0165a\u017e\u0161ia pri rovnakej geometrii) a je \u010faleko vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd pred\u013a\u017eenou \u017eivotnos\u0165ou a elimin\u00e1ciou katastrofick\u00e9ho rizika zlomenia skrine, ktor\u00e9 siv\u00e1 liatina v tejto aplik\u00e1cii predstavuje.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sez\u00f3nna \u00fadr\u017eba a kontrola lo\u017e\u00edsk<\/h2>\n

Rycie stroje pracuj\u00fa na pr\u00edsne sez\u00f3nnom z\u00e1klade \u2013 zvy\u010dajne 50 a\u017e 200 hod\u00edn ro\u010dne s\u00fastreden\u00fdch v obdob\u00ed prim\u00e1rnej pr\u00edpravy p\u00f4dy na jar alebo na jese\u0148. Intenz\u00edvne cyklick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie po\u010das tohto obdobia generuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu kumulat\u00edvnu \u00fanavu lo\u017e\u00edsk za hodinu prev\u00e1dzky ako v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina po\u013enohospod\u00e1rskych prevodoviek, preto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 ot\u00e1\u010dka k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea sp\u00f4sobuje \u00fapln\u00e9 zvr\u00e1tenie za\u0165a\u017eenia v ka\u017edej polohe lo\u017eiska. D\u00f4kladn\u00e1 predsez\u00f3nna \u00fadr\u017eba by mala zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 kompletn\u00fa v\u00fdmenu oleja za \u010derstv\u00fd syntetick\u00fd prevodov\u00fd olej EP na b\u00e1ze PAO ISO VG 320 (o jeden stupe\u0148 \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako VG 220 pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch so stredn\u00fdm za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm, ktor\u00fd poskytuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa viskozitu potrebn\u00fa pre primeran\u00fa hr\u00fabku filmu pri vysok\u00fdch kontaktn\u00fdch nap\u00e4tiach n\u00edzkor\u00fdchlostn\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho z\u00e1beru s vysok\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom), overenie v\u00f4le lo\u017eiska (opatrne ru\u010dne ot\u00e1\u010dajte k\u013eukov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom, aby ste skontrolovali drsnos\u0165 alebo axi\u00e1lnu v\u00f4\u013eu, ktor\u00e1 nazna\u010duje opotrebovanie lo\u017eiska) a kontrolu jednotliv\u00fdch radl\u00edc r\u00fd\u013ea, \u010di nie s\u00fa opotrebovan\u00e9 alebo po\u0161koden\u00e9, \u010do by mohlo zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 zdv\u00edhaciu silu a pre\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 prevodovku.<\/p>\n

Skladovanie po sez\u00f3ne by malo zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 \u010distenie vonkaj\u0161ej strany prevodovky (ne\u010distoty zostan\u00face na skrini zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa vlhkos\u0165 a ur\u00fdch\u013euj\u00fa kor\u00f3ziu po\u010das mimosez\u00f3ny), doplnenie hladiny oleja na maximum (\u00faplne pln\u00e1 skri\u0148a zni\u017euje vn\u00fatorn\u00fd objem vzduchu dostupn\u00fd pre kondenz\u00e1ciu) a nanesenie ochrann\u00e9ho maziva na spojku prevodovky s k\u013eukov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom, aby sa zabr\u00e1nilo kor\u00f3zii tren\u00edm na dr\u00e1\u017ekovanom alebo perovom spoji po\u010das pred\u013a\u017een\u00e9ho 8 a\u017e 10-mesa\u010dn\u00e9ho skladovania. Pri ka\u017edej sez\u00f3nnej \u00fadr\u017ebe skontrolujte v\u00f4\u013eu ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa \u2013 vysok\u00e9 cyklick\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie r\u00fd\u013eovan\u00edm sp\u00f4sobuje podstatne v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie opotrebovanie zubov ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa za prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa hodinu ako aplik\u00e1cie s kontinu\u00e1lnou rot\u00e1ciou a zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161uj\u00faca sa v\u00f4\u013ea na 0,50 mm alebo viac v z\u00e1bere v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa nazna\u010duje zna\u010dn\u00e9 opotrebenie, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdmenu ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa a lo\u017eiska pred \u010fal\u0161ou prev\u00e1dzkovou sez\u00f3nou.<\/p>\n

\"Diel\u0148a<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\u010casto kladen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky<\/h2>\n
\n
\nAk\u00fd prevodov\u00fd pomer potrebuje r\u00fd\u013eovac\u00ed stroj?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Zn\u00ed\u017eenie ot\u00e1\u010dok z 1:2,2 na 1:5,4 z v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s 540 ot.\/min., \u010do vytv\u00e1ra ot\u00e1\u010dky k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea 100 a\u017e 250 ot.\/min. Stroje s plytkou prev\u00e1dzkou (h\u013abka 200 mm) pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ni\u017e\u0161ie prevodov\u00e9 pomery, zatia\u013e \u010do stroje s hlb\u0161ou prev\u00e1dzkou (h\u013abka 350 a\u017e 400 mm) pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie reduk\u010dn\u00e9 pomery pre maxim\u00e1lny kr\u00fatiaci moment pri minim\u00e1lnych ot\u00e1\u010dkach k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea. Jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9 skosen\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa prevodov\u00e9 pomery a\u017e do 1:3,5, zatia\u013e \u010do vy\u0161\u0161ie prevodov\u00e9 pomery zvy\u010dajne vy\u017eaduj\u00fa dvojstup\u0148ov\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu skosen\u00e9ho a \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9ho ozuben\u00e9ho kolesa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nPre\u010do r\u00fd\u013eovanie spotrebuje viac energie ako rota\u010dn\u00e9 obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Rylovanie zdv\u00edha ka\u017ed\u00fa hrudu p\u00f4dy proti gravit\u00e1cii a pri\u013enavosti k p\u00f4de \u2013 \u010do je z\u00e1sadne energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161\u00ed proces ako prerez\u00e1vanie p\u00f4dy rota\u010dn\u00fdm radlicou. Pri v\u00fdkone 30 a\u017e 60 kon\u00ed na meter pracovnej \u0161\u00edrky vy\u017eaduje rylovanie zhruba dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd v\u00fdkon rota\u010dn\u00e9ho orania (15 a\u017e 30 kon\u00ed\/m\u00b2) a trojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd v\u00fdkon rota\u010dn\u00fdch br\u00e1n (12 a\u017e 25 kon\u00ed\/m\u00b2). H\u013abka pracovnej h\u013abky (200 a\u017e 400 mm oproti 150 a\u017e 200 mm pri orbe) tento rozdiel e\u0161te zn\u00e1sobuje, preto\u017ee hustota a s\u00fadr\u017enos\u0165 p\u00f4dy sa s h\u013abkou zvy\u0161uj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nPre\u010do je ryc\u00ed stroj lep\u0161\u00ed pre zdravie p\u00f4dy?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Ry\u017eovac\u00ed stroj zdv\u00edha a obracia hrudy p\u00f4dy neporu\u0161en\u00e9, \u010d\u00edm zachov\u00e1va \u0161trukt\u00faru agreg\u00e1tov, makrop\u00f3rov\u00e9 kan\u00e1liky a biologick\u00e9 siete (hubov\u00e9 h\u00fdfy, nory d\u00e1\u017e\u010foviek), od ktor\u00fdch je zdrav\u00e1 p\u00f4da z\u00e1visl\u00e1 pre infiltr\u00e1ciu vody a prenikanie kore\u0148ov. Rota\u010dn\u00fd kultiv\u00e1tor rozomie\u013ea tieto \u0161trukt\u00fary na jemn\u00e9 \u010dastice, \u010d\u00edm ni\u010d\u00ed p\u00f4dnu biol\u00f3giu a vytv\u00e1ra povrchov\u00fa k\u00f4ru, ktor\u00e1 br\u00e1ni vstupu vody. Ry\u017eovanie tie\u017e zakop\u00e1va organick\u00fa hmotu do plnej h\u013abky (200 a\u017e 400 mm) namiesto toho, aby ju premie\u0161aval s plytkou povrchovou vrstvou, \u010d\u00edm podporuje tvorbu stabiln\u00e9ho humusu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nAk\u00fd v\u00fdkon v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea potrebuje 2-metrov\u00fd r\u00fd\u013eova\u010d?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

60 a\u017e 120 kon\u00ed z v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea v z\u00e1vislosti od pracovnej h\u013abky a typu p\u00f4dy. \u0164a\u017ek\u00e9 \u00edlovit\u00e9 p\u00f4dy s h\u013abkou 350 mm vy\u017eaduj\u00fa v\u00fdkon smerom k 120 kon\u00edm, zatia\u013e \u010do \u013eahk\u00e9 pieso\u010dnat\u00e9 p\u00f4dy s h\u013abkou 200 mm m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 iba 60 kon\u00ed. Pre 2-metrov\u00fd ryc\u00ed stroj je zvy\u010dajne potrebn\u00fd traktor s v\u00fdkonom motora 100 a\u017e 180 kon\u00ed, aby poskytol dostato\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea s 25 a\u017e 30-percentnou rezervou pre zapracovanie kryc\u00edch plod\u00edn a zhutnen\u00fa p\u00f4du.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nPre\u010do prevodovka potrebuje ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

Mechanizmus k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea vytv\u00e1ra striedav\u00fd smer \u0165ahu pri ka\u017edej ot\u00e1\u010dke \u2013 radlica r\u00fd\u013ea tla\u010d\u00ed axi\u00e1lne pri vstupe do p\u00f4dy a axi\u00e1lne \u0165ah\u00e1 pri zdv\u00edhan\u00ed hrudy. Toto sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 axi\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie v kombin\u00e1cii s vysok\u00fdm radi\u00e1lnym za\u0165a\u017een\u00edm od zdvihov k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea prevy\u0161uje kapacitu gu\u013e\u00f4\u010dkov\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk s hlbokou dr\u00e1\u017ekou. Ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasne radi\u00e1lne aj axi\u00e1lne za\u0165a\u017eenie a ich vy\u0161\u0161ia dynamick\u00e1 \u00fanosnos\u0165 poskytuje primeran\u00fa \u00fanavov\u00fa \u017eivotnos\u0165 pri prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch podmienkach r\u00fd\u013eov\u00e9ho stroja s n\u00edzkou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a vysok\u00fdm kr\u00fatiacim momentom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\nDod\u00e1vate prevodovky pre r\u00fd\u013eovacie stroje?+<\/span><\/summary>\n
\n

\u00c1no \u2013 vyr\u00e1bame jednostup\u0148ov\u00e9 a dvojstup\u0148ov\u00e9 reduk\u010dn\u00e9 prevodovky pre piestov\u00e9 rycie stroje s prevodov\u00fdmi pomermi od 1:2,2 do 1:5,4, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa cel\u00fd rozsah po\u017eiadaviek na ot\u00e1\u010dky k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea pre modely s plytkou a hlbokou pr\u00e1cou. V\u0161etky prevodovky pre rycie stroje maj\u00fa teles\u00e1 z tv\u00e1rnej liatiny, \u0161pir\u00e1lov\u00e9 ku\u017ee\u013eov\u00e9 ozuben\u00e9 koles\u00e1 s cementovan\u00fdm puzdrom a modulmi 5 a\u017e 8 mm, p\u00e1rovan\u00e9 sady ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00fdch lo\u017e\u00edsk s riaden\u00fdm predp\u00e4t\u00edm a vysokov\u00fdkonn\u00e9 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 pr\u00edruby pre spojku k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea. K dispoz\u00edcii pre nepretr\u017eit\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku s v\u00fdkonom 45 a\u017e 200 HP. Pre zodpovedaj\u00facu \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu kontaktujte n\u00e1\u0161 technick\u00fd t\u00edm s modelom v\u00e1\u0161ho stroja a pracovnou \u0161\u00edrkou.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

\n

Inov\u00e1cie v obr\u00e1ban\u00ed p\u00f4dy od z\u00e1kladov<\/h2>\n

Od plytkej pr\u00edpravy sejbov\u00e9ho l\u00f4\u017eka a\u017e po hlbok\u00e9 zapracovanie organickej hmoty \u2013 na\u0161e reduk\u010dn\u00e9 prevodovky s pohonom k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea poskytuj\u00fa presn\u00fd a trval\u00fd kr\u00fatiaci moment, ktor\u00fd vy\u017eaduje vratn\u00e9 rytie. Teles\u00e1 z tv\u00e1rnej liatiny, nadrozmern\u00e9 prevodov\u00e9 moduly a zodpovedaj\u00face ku\u017eel\u00edkov\u00e9 lo\u017eisk\u00e1 s\u00fa \u0161tandardnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edej rytierky.<\/p>\n

Kontaktujte na\u0161ich technikov<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Redaktor: Cxm<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prevodovka r\u00fd\u013eovacieho stroja: Pomal\u00fd pohon obracania p\u00f4dy Prevodovka v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ktor\u00e1 premie\u0148a vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fd rota\u010dn\u00fd vstup v\u00fdvodov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea na pomal\u00fd, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd vratn\u00fd pohyb k\u013eukov\u00e9ho hriade\u013ea, ktor\u00fd poh\u00e1\u0148a 8 a\u017e 32 jednotliv\u00fdch r\u00fd\u013eov\u00fdch no\u017eov, mus\u00ed poskytova\u0165 extr\u00e9mny kr\u00fatiaci moment pri 100 a\u017e 250 ot.\/min \u2013 \u010do patr\u00ed medzi najni\u017e\u0161ie v\u00fdstupn\u00e9 ot\u00e1\u010dky a najvy\u0161\u0161ie trval\u00e9 kr\u00fatiace momenty v\u0161etk\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov na obr\u00e1banie p\u00f4dy poh\u00e1\u0148an\u00fdch v\u00fdvodov\u00fdm hriade\u013eom. Inov\u00e1cie v oblasti obr\u00e1bania p\u00f4dy [\u2026]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4042],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1303","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agricultural-gearbox"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1303","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1303"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1303\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1357,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1303\/revisions\/1357"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1303"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1303"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pto-gearbox.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1303"}],"curies":[{"name":"pracovn\u00fd list","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}